Learning techniques are methods used to enhance the process of gaining, retaining and applying knowledge.
Most candidates tend to study by reading and re-reading their study texts, then perhaps completing a mock paper or two at the end. Which sounds reasonable, right?
Well, not according to scientific studies.
In reality, there are much more effective ways to study. Implementing simple learning techniques are proven to significantly improve understanding, memory and performance. Here, we explore two of the most effective techniques – active recall and spaced repetition.
The science
Active recall is a study technique based on cognitive science principles. It involves actively stimulating the memory during the learning process by retrieving information from the memory – i.e. testing yourself, rather than passive studying where you read and re-read the information.
Studies have shown testing yourself just once can be more effective than re-reading the material up to four times.
Spaced repetition, on the other hand, is a learning technique focused on when, rather than how, you study. It involves reviewing material at increasing intervals over time until the information becomes embedded.
The model is based on the ‘forgetting curve’ – which demonstrates how information is lost over time if there is no attempt to retain it and how retention improves with reinforcement. Studies have consistently demonstrated that spacing out the learning of new subject areas leads to better memory retention compared to the more traditional method of ‘cramming’.
Putting it into practice
There are several simple and effective methods you can use to help put these learning methods into practice:
- Flashcard systems to test yourself on key concepts, definitions and facts. Tools such as Anki or Quizlet are popular for creating digital flashcards, or you could create some yourself on paper.
- Mock exams or quizzes to simulate test conditions and identify areas where further study is required. Varying the types of questions you are attempting is also useful in challenging your memory from various angles. For most financial services exams you are able to access on-line mock questions, written mock questions, or you could even try writing your own questions and answers.
- Teaching others helps develop a stronger understanding. Explaining a subject to someone often prompts questions, providing an excellent test of the extent of your knowledge.
- Mix different topics or subjects in a single study session. Not only does this make the session more interesting, it’ll help keep your mind active.
- Set yourself a repetition study schedule that includes regular review sessions for each subject at gradually increasing intervals. You can adjust the frequency of your reviews based on how well you understand the information.
Combining the methods
Actively recalling information helps to create stronger connections in the brain, leading to better long-term memory retention. Combining this style of learning with spaced repetition will also help to reduce cognitive overload and ensure the information stays in the long-term memory banks (stops you getting on the wrong side of that ‘forgetting curve’).
We suggest you combine these two approaches by breaking down the syllabus into subjects (or learning outcomes, or chapters).
For each subject, map out a schedule with a number of sessions for each subject. In the first session, read the subject information while making flash cards and imaginative revision notes (use lots of heading, pictures, colours, highlighters – keep the mind active).
In the second session (usually a day or two later) test yourself on the subject. Many mock exam questions have a detailed rationale of the answers, so if you have struggled with a particular question these will provide you with an alternative explanation of the subject and can reduce the need to have to re-read the study text.
If you feel you’ve got to grips with the information, you can space out the next review of the subject for a few weeks ahead, if not revisit it the following week with more test questions – you can never do enough test questions.
Learning techniques are a powerful way to enhance your revision. Both active learning and spaced repetition are widely recognised methods, which, by actively engaging with the content and spacing your learning wisely, you can make your study sessions more effective and efficient with no extra effort.
If you can engage with the learning material on a higher, more interactive level, it will help in understanding the concepts more thoroughly, rather than just memorising facts.
Catriona Standingford is managing director of Brand Financial Training
